![redshift cluster redshift cluster](https://blog.qburst.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Cluster-health.png)
In 1885, a supernova (known as S Andromedae) was seen in Andromeda, the first and so far only one observed in that galaxy. Andromeda's spectrum is very similar to the spectra of individual stars, and from this, it was deduced that Andromeda has a stellar nature. The spectra of Andromeda displays a continuum of frequencies, superimposed with dark absorption lines that help identify the chemical composition of an object. In 1864 Sir William Huggins noted that the spectrum of Andromeda differed from that of a gaseous nebula.
![redshift cluster redshift cluster](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/1400-optimizing-your-amazon-re-fed0e548-933c-4d49-bb2c-e33c925f5e8e-1793638447-180425234104/95/optimizing-your-amazon-redshift-cluster-for-peak-performance-aws-summit-sydney-2018-6-638.jpg)
In 1850, William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse made the first drawing of Andromeda's spiral structure.
![redshift cluster redshift cluster](https://miro.medium.com/max/2400/1*miJ5R5-HyIwQptSeVRblqA.jpeg)
He believed Andromeda to be the nearest of all the "great nebulae", and based on the color and magnitude of the nebula, he incorrectly guessed that it was no more than 2,000 times the distance of Sirius, or roughly 18,000 ly (5.5 kpc). In 1785, the astronomer William Herschel noted a faint reddish hue in the core region of Andromeda. In 1764, Charles Messier cataloged Andromeda as object M31 and incorrectly credited Marius as the discoverer despite its being visible to the naked eye. Pierre Louis Maupertuis conjectured in 1745 that the blurry spot was an island universe. In 1612, the German astronomer Simon Marius gave an early description of the Andromeda Galaxy based on telescopic observations. Star charts of that period labeled it as the Little Cloud. He referred to it in his Book of Fixed Stars as a "nebulous smear" or "small cloud". Great Andromeda "Nebula" ( M110 to upper left), as photographed by Isaac Roberts, 1899.Īround the year 964, the Persian astronomer Abd al-Rahman al-Sufi was the first to formally describe the Andromeda Galaxy.
![redshift cluster redshift cluster](https://devopsdatacenter.files.wordpress.com/2021/04/image-326.png)
With an apparent magnitude of 3.4, the Andromeda Galaxy is among the brightest of the Messier objects, making it visible to the naked eye from Earth on moonless nights, even when viewed from areas with moderate light pollution. The Milky Way and Andromeda galaxies are expected to collide in around 4-5 billion years, merging to form a giant elliptical galaxy or a large lenticular galaxy. The Andromeda Galaxy has a diameter of about 220,000 ly (67 kpc), making it the largest member of the Local Group in terms of extension. This has been called into question by a 2018 study that cited a lower estimate on the mass of the Andromeda Galaxy, Ĭombined with preliminary reports on a 2019 study estimating a higher mass of the Milky Way. The mass of either galaxy is difficult to estimate with any accuracy, but it was long thought that the Andromeda Galaxy is more massive than the Milky Way by a margin of some 25% to 50%. The virial mass of the Andromeda Galaxy is of the same order of magnitude as that of the Milky Way, at 1 trillion solar masses (2.0 ×10 42 kilograms). The galaxy's name stems from the area of Earth's sky in which it appears, the constellation of Andromeda, which itself is named after the Ethiopian (or Phoenician) princess who was the wife of Perseus in Greek mythology. The Andromeda Galaxy (IPA: / æ n ˈ d r ɒ m ɪ d ə/), also known as Messier 31, M31, or NGC 224 and originally the Andromeda Nebula (see below), is a barred spiral galaxy with diameter of about 220,000 ly approximately 2.5 million light-years (770 kiloparsecs) from Earth and the nearest large galaxy to the Milky Way. The Andromeda Galaxy with satellite galaxies M32 (center left above the galactic nucleus) and M110 (center left below the galaxy)